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Signs of Pregnancy

by Ian Selth, BSc, DipHE

After each symptom, an alternative cause (if any) other than pregnancy is suggested. N.B. ALL symptoms and times can vary in occurrence between individuals. (Thomson, 1993).

Possible Signs:

• 3-4 weeks+; Early breast changes i.e. prickling and tingling sensations.

Other Possibilities: May be due to contraceptive pill.

• 4 weeks+; Amenorrhea (missed period) due to increased levels of Oestrogen and Progesterone. Other Possibilities: May be due to hormonal imbalance, emotional stress, illness.

• 4-14 weeks; Morning sickness.

Other Possibilities: May be due to Gastro-intestinal disorders, pyrexial illness etc.

• 6-12weeks; Bladder irritability.

Other Possibilities: May be due to Urinary tract infection, pelvic tumour.

Probable Signs:

• 4-12 weeks; Presence of HCG in blood.

Other Possibilities: May be due to Hydatidiform mole.

• 6-12 weeks; Presence of HCG in urine.

Other Possibilities: May be due to Choriocarcinoma.

• 8 weeks+; Uterine growth.

Other Possibilities: May be due to Tumours.

• 16 weeks; Braxton-Hicks (painless contractions).

• 16-28 weeks; Ballottement of fetus.

Positive Signs:

• 6 weeks+; Visualisation of fetus by ultrasound.

• 20-24 weeks+; Fetal heart sounds by fetal stethoscope.

• 22 weeks+; Fetal movements palpable.

• Late pregnancy; Fetal movements visible.

Reprinted with permission of Ian Selth, at Midwifery Resources http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~ics/midwifery.htm

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